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Archive for November, 2007

Context-Based Machine Translation

Monday, November 19th, 2007

http://groups.google.com/group/kunlp/browse_thread/thread/c33f13346ffeb43a/50322ccc03083148?lnk=raot

Context-Based Machine Translation

www.mt-archive.info/AMTA-2006-Carbonell.pdf

Spanish-to-English CBMT was tested on Spanish newswire text, achieving a

BLEU score of 0.6462 in June 2006, the highest BLEU reported for any

language pair.

Context-Based Machine Translation: A Disruptive Technology for

Very-High-Quality Automated Translation

——————————

*

Develop an efficient and practical technology, using novel algorithms, for

high-quality, context-based machine translation between languages.

* Sponsor: Meaningful Machines, LLC 1450 Broadway, 40th Floor

New York, NY 10018

- Project Performance Period: 11/1/2007 - 10/31/2009

- Total project (est.): $2,927,100.00

- Requested ATP funds: $2,000,000.00

After half a century of research, the vision of a language translation

machine-a computer capable of translating one natural human language into

another with a facility approaching human translators-remains a distant

prospect. Current machine translation (MT) systems fall into two categories:

rule-based and statistical. Rule-based systems rely on an extensive set of

manually-coded grammar and transfer rules between the source and target

languages developed by linguists and computer scientists. Statistical MT

emphasizes computer “learning” that derives translations from the analysis

of large blocks of pre-translated and organized parallel texts. Meaningful

Machines has proposed developing a third approach, Context-Based Machine

Translation (CBMT), based on new language-processing algorithms that use a

bilingual dictionary and a large body of text in the target language to

build and connect target language word strings in a manner that preserves

the context of the source language. CBMT, if practical, could easily be

extended to many different language pairs because it obviates the need to

hand-code extensive translation rules or to have access to large quantities

of parallel text. Meaningful Machines proposes to generalize their existing

system architecture to enable any-language to any-language translation, and

improve quality for the most challenging translation tasks, such as Chinese

to English. High-quality machine translation is potentially a $10 billion to

$30 billion market that will benefit the nation’s economy by facilitating

exports, addressing critical shortages of translators and opening up new

markets in areas such as daily newspapers, on-line chat services,

advertising, on-line searches and automated email translation.

Ergun Bicici

Koc University

Situs Lengkap tentang English Grammar

Wednesday, November 14th, 2007

http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/textonly.htm

This is the text only version of the front page to the Guide to Grammar and Writing.

For the “gui,” graphical user version, CLICK HERE.

GUIDE TO GRAMMAR AND WRITING

Sentence Level

Sentence Parts and Word Functions

Skip to Verbs and Verbals

Clauses

The Garden of Phrases

Diagramming Sentences

Sentence Fragments

Run-on Sentences

Rules for Comma Usage

Punctuation Marks Besides the Comma

Punctuation Between Two Independent Clauses

Notorious Confusables: words we get mixed up

or A Confusables Menu (use pop-up or random selector)

Plague Words and Phrases we should avoid

Articles and Determiners

Noun Forms: Plurals and Possessives

Pronouns and Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement

Placement of Modifiers

Subject-Verb Agreement

Tense Sequence among Verbs, Infinitives,

and Participles

Compound Nouns and Modifiers

Capitalization

Abbreviations

Using Italics and Underlining

Using Numbers, Making Lists

Writing Concise Sentences

Parallel Structures

Confusion: Sources and Remedies

Vocabulary Builders: Suggestions, Quizzes, Pop-Up Lexicon

Spelling: Rules, Suggestions, Quizzes

Paragraph Level

Sentence Variety

Consistency of Tense and Pronoun Reference

Avoiding Primer Language

Sentence-Combining Skills

Coherence and Transitions

Paragraph Development

Essay Level

PRINCIPLES OF COMPOSITION

An entire Web site for writers in English composition courses — featuring handouts on Getting Started, Structure, Tone, Transitions, Editing, Logic, Formats, Rhetorical Patterns, Argumentative Essays, Research Papers, and more — accompanied by an abundance of successful sample essays.

Forms of

Communication

Samples (in .pdf format) for business letters, memos, application letters, thank-you letters, resumes, meeting minutes and agendas, and the research paper. PowerPoint

Presentations

If you have PowerPoint on your computer, you can take advantage of the several PowerPoint presentations available with the Guide. Click HERE for a list and for additional information.

Finding Grammar Topics

on These Pages

First, we recommend the hyperlinked INDEX. The index does not reference the quizzes or the Grammar Logs (see below). See also the FAQ File, frequently asked questions.

You can also try the new Search Engine

Interactive Quizzes

Over 150 challenging computer-graded (cgi-based and javascript) quizzes to test your knowledge of grammar! Take the quizzes as a challenge or just for fun, or read the digital handouts listed above first. Many of the quizzes are also listed at the end of the appropriate sections.

Ask Grammar!

Click here to get a form that will allow you to submit a question about English usage or grammar. It’s a good idea to check the FAQ File first to see if your question has already been answered. Also, look in the Index and consult the Search Engine to make sure the answer is not already part of the Guide. Answers are posted in the Grammar Logs (below) — sometimes within hours, almost always within a day or two. Full responses are sometimes sent through e-mail, or you will be notified that answers have been posted in the Grammar Logs (listed below).

GRAMMAR LOGS

This is where Grammar keeps track of questions and answers. Once filled, each volume contains 100 questions, ten “logs” of ten questions each. We suggest you look through these volumes to see if your question has been asked and answered before; in the process, you will surely find many interesting questions from other users around the world. There is also an FAQ File, a list of Frequently Asked Questions, hyperlinked to appropriate answers within the Guide. So far, questions have been submitted from 123 countries — click HERE for a list — and all fifty states of the U.S.A.

Current Grammar Log, #54: November 3, 2002, to _____

Or, from the archives, select the Grammarlog you want to review.GRAMMARLOGS ARCHIVE

Grammar English’s Bookshelf
When Grammar English needs help, what books does she grab first?

Other Online Resources for Writing
Grammar English thinks she has the best online resource for writing
but there are others. See also the Academic Weblist for English.

Eminent Quotables
Over 200 quotations from famous writers and thinkers — from William Shakespeare to Steve Martin, from Yeats to Eeyore — about the craft and passion of writing.

Anomalous Anonymies
Grammar Goofs and uproarious misspellings harvested from college essays,
high school papers, and other sources over the years. Just for fun!

Caveat Lector
A brief but important caution about the uses of this Guide.

Grammar’s Trophy Cabinet
Grammar English is proud of the awards bestowed upon this page. The award icons (that take you to the pages of the kind bestowers of such awards) have been put away in this digital cabinet, where they are kept well shined. Click HERE, please, to see them.

Prepared by Professor of English/Humanities Charles Darling for English courses at Capital Community College and for the general online public. For Darling’s credentials, click HERE. Suggestions are always welcome. If your browser is forms-capable, questions about grammar and writing should be submitted by means of the ASK GRAMMAR form, above; otherwise, use this e-mail form for suggestions or questions.

Merriam-Webster’s WWWebster Dictionary and Thesaurus. Based on Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate ® Dictionary, Tenth Edition. Linked with permission from Merriam-Webster, Inc.

Capital Community College

Unless otherwise indicated, all written material on this website and its associated web-pages—which are updated daily—is the property of Professor Charles Darling and Capital Community College and is published here for free use by the college’s students and staff and for the general online community. This Guide may not be reproduced wholly or in part, by any means whatsoever, including mirroring on other web-servers, without prior hard-copy written consent of the author. Printing out sections for a student’s personal reference or class practice is permitted as long as the source is indicated. Linking to this site is encouraged; notifying us is appreciated. Copyright 2002; Hartford, Connecticut.